تـــــــــاريخ..... "ماضـــــى و حاضــــر"
المصدر octinfo.com
Octavia assembly line, Skoda Museum at Mlada Boleslav
Read about Skoda Museum or jump to the de......ion of Octavia assembly line!
Since the first time I saw it, (1996) I wanted to own an Octavia. It took almost ten years to make my dream come true, and ordered one from the second generation. One class higher interior both in design and the materials it's made of, more room for rear passengers. These facts helped me to accept the new exterior I did not really like for the first time I saw it. Nothing wrong with it, but love makes you blind, you know...
I also wanted to see the assembly line, where my car and other Octavias were manufactured (except Scout and 4x4 models). When I heard that in these days at Mlada Boleslav (Czech Republic), where the base plant resides, visitors of the Skoda Museum can have access to the assembly line, what’s more, the Octavia 2 assembly line, I decided to go and see...
In August, 2007 we finally visited Prague (we spent 3 days in Prague, but it’s not enough, if you want to see all the beauties of this city!). I planned to spend a few hours visiting to Mlada Boleslav being in 60 km (38 miles) distance to the capital of Czech Republic. Not enough time, especially when You enter the birthplace of every european Octavia 2 except Scout and 4x4 (at that time Volkswagen Bratislava plant in Slovakia was not manufacturing Octavia 2 yet)!
Count a whole day to spend there!
I arranged the factory visit by e-mail with Skoda Museum, I also asked for English guide. Entry fee to the museum and the factory visit was CZK 170 (about GBP 6) including the cost of an English guide! English guide means, that a beautiful, young Czech girl working for Skoda Museum will spend about 3 hours with you and will answer to most of your questions. Question about the factory, cars, the people working there, even technical questions!
Skoda Museum
The building of the Museum was an assembly hall till’ 1964, when a new plant was built for a new model, Skoda 1000MB, less than 1 km away from this site.
http://octinfo.com/pic/factory/f01_model_small.jpg .
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The two Vaclavs were always thinking in big, the company had branch offices in many countries, they sold a car even to the son of the emperor of Japan.
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In the 1930's a new model came, the "Popular", which was really very popular! Even a battery driven electric toy car was made with a maximum speed of 20 km/h (12 mph). A model with the name "Rapid" was also available with maximum speed of 130 km/h (81 mph).
http://octinfo.com/pic/factory/f09_popular_small.jpg
After World War II new models came. In January, 1959 a new model was launched. It was derived from Skoda 440/445 (Spartak) and it had many technical innovations. Since it was the 8th model of the company, it was named to "Octavia"!
From this time the numbered model designations were replaced by model names.
The Superb (originally Octavia Super) had imposing dimensions. There was the Favorit and the only cabriolet 'till these days, Felicia.
http://octinfo.com/pic/factory/f15_felicia_small.jpg
Our guide skipped the military vehicles for an unknown reason, she took us to the firs rear-engine model, the 1000MB from 1964. Another huge jump and we found ourselves at modern era Favorit and Formans models and at Fabia and Octavia WRC cars. We simply skipped S100, S105, S120 (Estelle) cars, also the Rapid and Coupe versions of those models. I don't know, why...
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Unique item for me was a prototype car from 1971, Skoda Super Sport. Its 1109 ccm engine delivered 75 PS (55 kW), maximum speed was 180 km/h (112 mph) and it needed 12.6 sec to reach 100 km/h (60 mph).
The body is made of glass fiber, it was made by the engineers at Kvasiny plant, but never got into serial production, but became a film star in 1981! The modernized prototype appeared in a Czechoslovakian horror movie about a car running on human blood. That's why it got the name "Ferat" from "Nosferatu"
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We walked along and got into another exhibition hall full of vehicles waiting for or under restoring process. Restoration is 5 or 6 people's job at Skoda Auto, so they finish one car per year. Only one fully restored car was in the hall, a Rapid from 1935. Gabriela, our guide told us it's allowed to get into it and make photos, so we took the opportunity...
Along one of the walls prototype and specially built engines were lined up. Like the old 1000MB engine (modernized version can be found in Fabia until 2003) with double carburettor or with double overhead cam (DOHC), Octavia WRC engine, etc.
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In another room we were watching a 3D movie through special glasses about the processes of car manufacturing. I also found a small, symbolic car which was a ....l frame with Fabia headlights, wheel, pedals, gearshift lever. Pressing the proper button I could hear the sound all of the engines displayed.
I missed the new-era Felicia and I bet 1973 S100 models had door handles fixed outside the door's side surface and had opening button. Only later models had the recessed latch.
I must say Skoda Museum is very spectacular, informative and entertaining museum. English guide is a must, but you have to see everything after the guided tour again to read the signs, admire the machines and take many photos. All the information is written in English, German and Czech language. Since the most exciting part, the factory visit was still waiting for us, we did not have time to take another round in the museum.
Octavia assembly line
After the tour in the Museum, our guide asked me to go to my car and take our way toward the current factory site.
It was easy to pass the security check, when the guard saw our guide beside me. The factory site is huge, we were driving several hundred meters form one hall to another.
Taking photographs is strictly prohibited. I tried to ask our guide for about three times to let me take a photo of my car with trains in the background fully loaded with brand new Skodas, or the engine workshop or the Octavia 2 assembly hall in the background, but her heart was cold and refused my request.
While I was driving, our guide was talking about the thermal power station that supplies even the town of Mlada Boleslav, the Foundry, where steel and aluminum parts are made (engine block, gearbox housing, trailing arms).
We passed the Fabia assembly hall and parked outside another large hall that was the engine and gearbox workshop. I saw long trains loaded with new Skodas.
After entering the workshop we arrived to “Quality corner”. It was the starting point of our tour. All the gearboxes are exposed to noise test, switch test and leak test. These units partially exported because they are built into other VW group cars too.
The engine assembly line switches engine types in every 2 hour. One orange coloured robot arm staves the engine ID into the engine block, the other gives the engines the initial oil fill. We also saw a small chamber, where optical engine test is made. A small camera checks that the engine has all the parts installed.
35% of the engine building process is automated. 5% of small engines (1.2, 1.4, 1.6 litre) and 10% of large engines (2.0 litre) exposed to “Hot test”. These engines are connected to a battery, cooling system, fuel system and ECU (Engine Controller Unit), started and was running for 5 minutes. (Later I investigated, that the engine in my Octavia 2 was also one of the tested units and it passed successfully all the tests.)
Workers has 30 minutes for lunch, lines stop for this time. Every assembly hall has its own dressing room and dining room.
Large displays show the units (engine/gearbox) expected to produce by that time in that shift and the number of units already made. They were 2 units ahead of plan and that shift started 2 hours before (the picture below is not the display I saw, I could not take any photographs in the factory area).
http://octinfo.com/pic/factory/f18_display_small.jpg
This was about a 15 minutes long tour. After we returned to my car, we headed for the Octavia 2 assembly hall; I was so keen on seeing for years then.
It is the youngest building of all assembly halls. It was build directly for the first Octavia in 1996. At that time 350 cars were made per day, now it’s upgraded to make possible to manufacture more than 900 cars per day!
Production of an Octavia 2 takes about 24-26 hours. 10-11 hours for laser and spot welding the chassis and body parts together. The doors are installed, aligned then removed from the body. Doors are assembled in another workshop.
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11 hours for applying and drying 5-6 coats of paint. After these processes the empty body (without doors) arrives to the assembly hall where it becomes a brand new car in 4 hours during a 1 km long journey.
The assembly line has “U” shape. The empty, but fully painted body arrives to the end of one stalk of this “U” shape from 5-6 meters height. The body only has the bonnet and the trunk lid installed, doors are assembled in another workshop, they’re united with the proper car later.
The body is lowered on to the assembly line. All the vulnerable parts of body is covered with protective plastic foils to avoid injuries while the car is built. At this early time it’s already known, what type and equipment level it will be.
First the door seals are installed, then the safety belts. Roof rails come, if they are on the order list (they are not default on Combi version at every market). Finally the trunk lid locking mechanism is installed and set up to close properly. The body arrives to the end of the stalk of “U” shape.
Now it’s moved to a platform. This platform transfers the would-be car to the beginning of the other stalk of “U” shape assembly line. Visitors use stairs to pass this platform underneath, employees are free to walk while the platform is not in transfer mode, but when it is, barriers are lowered and warning lights are flashing.
Visitors are allowed to go only few meters beyond these barriers, then they must climb some stairs to reach a 4-5 meters (12-15 feet) high platform (look-out tower) built specially for them. We were not allowed to walk beside the assembly line or go in further into the hall than this platform.
The next step is installing the whole dashboard. Dashboard is assembled in another workshop by specialists. They’re not employees of Skoda, but the company that builds the dashboards.
A robot arm brings the completed dashboard and pushes it into the car through the left front door opening! Centre console with climate controls, radio head unit, glove compartment, switches, instruments, heating/air system are all in one unit! Only the steering wheel is missing!
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4 or 5 workers fastening the dashboard into the body. The dashboard unit is also equipped with the complete wiring loom of the car! The loom is divided into smaller looms running toward the rear part of the chassis on both sides on the floor, the roof and the engine compartment. The wires are fixed to their prepared places.
After this stage another workers do their job in the engine compartment. Installing the brake fluid reservoir, windscreen washer fluid tank and other accessories, like climate system hoses.
Meanwhile the body keeps on moving! The floor is moving continuously with the car and the workers on it.
Workers are forming brigades. While the body moves through their territory, they have to finish all their jobs.
One brigade is working on three cars simultaneously. Workers are often changed for a special task in the brigade to avoid being the job too boring.
Average age of the workers is 27 years!
Another brigade installs the roof lining, the inner plastic cover of the trunk lid and all the glasses (including the windscreen).
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From our platform we cannot see the installation of the fuel tank, running gear, engine, the whole interior (seats, carpets, doors) or programming of the electronic systems. How lucky, that the second short movie at the Museum shows some moments of these procedures.
Engine, transmission, tank, running gear installation.
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Fitting doors.
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Wheel installation, initial fill-up (oil, coolant).
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Initial set-up.
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The next thing we can see by our eyes is checking the lights, starting the new car for the first time and rolling off the assembly line on the stalk of the “U” shape right before the point empty bodies arrive to. Our guide said that a new car is finished in every two minutes. She was right!
Large display shows the planned production of the actual shift, the number of cars already made and the plan of a 24-hour workday (3 shifts, starting at 10 o’clock pm).
All the assembly halls (Fabia, Octavia) have their own test course and rain chamber, where the water-proofing of the car is tested. All of the cars are taken to a test route of at least 5 km-s (3 miles).
All the assembling brigades have large boxes with VW mark containing car parts. All the boxes have bar code on a label. When the stock of one part is running out, one of the workers shows the bar code label to a reader and the supply must be there in maximum 20 minutes.
Logistics department has 2 weeks to fit in one customer’s order into the production plan and ensure that all the parts needed to make that particular car will be in the boxes of the brigades when the properly coloured body gets there.
Driving out of the factory site our guide showed the Press workshop where the body elements are made out of 4 km (2.5 miles) long steel rolls bought from Germany and Austria. We also saw the pressing tools workshop, here the tools shaping the body elements into the steel sheets are produced. They also manufacture shapes for the Foundry.
Press workshop is the only where production is 24 hours per day and 7 days per week. It produces 15000 parts per day and 2 days ahead of production. The operation of the whole plant depends mainly on the Press workshop.
When all final checks passed, new cars driven to a 4000 place car park. 70% of them exported. 4000 car is 2-day capacity of the plant.
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Driving our guide back to the Museum she showed us the Skoda offices, the quarters of the workers, and the management HQ. Design center is on the other side of town.
When we dropped our guide at the Museum, we went back to the gate of the factory, parked my car to have the gate with Skoda logo in the background and took a photograph.
I could spend all my day beside the assembly line, I’m really happy I saw the birthplace of my Octavia!
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Octavia (1959)
History
January 1959.
Introduction of Octavia as the successor to the Škoda 440 (also called Spartak)/445.
From this time the numbered type desginations are replaced by names. Škoda 440 is replaced by Škoda Octavia, Škoda 445 becomes Škoda Octavia Super, Škoda 450 changes to Škoda Felicia.
http://octinfo.com/pic/octavia/skoda440_small.jpg
1960.
Octavia Touring Sport introduced with 1089 ccm double carburettor engine. This car became 2x Monte Carlo Rally winner.
http://octinfo.com/pic/octavia/octav...port_small.jpg
1961.
An estate (Combi) version was introduced. The slightly heavier station wagons at 1365 kg (3009 lb) were all shipped with 1.2 litre engines.
Facelift.
http://octinfo.com/pic/octavia/octav...seum_small.jpg
1962 1965....
