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Asbestos is a group of
minerals with long, thin fibrous
crystals. The word "asbestos" is derived from a
Greek adjective meaning inextinguishable. The
Greeks termed asbestos the "miracle mineral" because of its soft and pliant properties, as well as its ability to withstand heat. Asbestos became increasingly popular among manufacturers and builders in the late 19th century due to its resistance to heat, electricity and chemical damage, its sound absorption and tensile strength. When asbestos is used for its resistance to fire or heat, the fibers are often mixed with
cement or woven into fabric or mats. Asbestos is used in
brake shoes and
gaskets for its heat resistance, and in the past was used on electric oven and hotplate wiring for its
electrical insulation at elevated temperature, and in buildings for its
flame-retardant and insulating properties,
tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals.
This "miracle material" is now known to be highly toxic. The
inhalation of
asbestos fibers can cause serious illnesses, including
mesothelioma and
asbestosis. Since the mid 1980s, many uses of asbestos have been banned in many countries.
